In today's episode, we're going to continue discussing the names of different animals and their babies. In Episode 59, we talked about pets and park / outdoor animals. Today, let's focus on wild animals and those you'd find on the farm!
First, I apologize for being so late with this post. The past couple of weeks have been a bit rough as we deal with different family emergencies. Thank you so much for your patience as we process and sort through them!
One thing to note from last episode: in Spanish, you can say "cría" to refer to a baby animal (which, as I understand it, is more common than saying "bebé"). So if you don't know if there is a specific term for a baby animal, you can just say cría, like cría de ave (baby bird or chick) or cría de tortuga (baby turtle or hatchling).
*Also, I messed up in the last blog/podcast. I said a duckling in Spanish was pavipollo or pavezno, but those are actually terms for baby turkey, or poult. I don't know why, but I have been struggling with mixing those two animals. They are completely different, I know! But there it is. Duckling is el patito or anadón, since ánade means duck as well.
Los Animales de la Granja (Farm Animals)
If you have a little one that you enjoy reading to, then you're probably very familiar with farm animals. A lot of the books we read to our little one focus on farm animals. I was confused about it at first, until I realized how much she loves seeing real-live horses and goats. Now it all makes sense. :D
El Animal | Animal | La Cría | Baby Animal |
El Caballo | Horse* | El Potrillo | Foal |
La Vaca | Cow** | El Ternero o Becerro | Calf |
La Oveja | Sheep | El Cordero o Lechazo | Lamb |
La Gallina | Chicken*** | El Pollito o Polluelo | Chick |
El Cerdo | Pig | El Lechón | Piglet |
La Llama | Llama | La Cría de Llama | Cria |
El Pavo | Turkey | El Pavipollo o Pavezno**** | Poult |
La Alpaca | Alpaca | La Cría de Alpaca | Calf |
La Cabra | Goat | El Chivo | Kid |
*Just like in English, horses have special names based on their sex, age, and reproductive state. For example, a gelding - a castrated, adult male horse - is called un caballo capón or caballo castrado and a stallion - an adult male horse that isn't castrated - is called un semental or un garañón. A mare - an adult female horse - is called una yegua.
**A female cow is called una vaca, but a male cow - a bull - is called un toro. Which reminds me of the song, "Torero", by Chayanne. If you haven't heard it, you should definitely check it out!
***A rooster is called un gallo.
****You may have noticed that this is also a more common ending - ezno. You have Pavezno (poult), Lobezno (wolf pup), Osezno (bear cub), etc.
Los Animales Salvajes (Wild Animals)
El Animal | Animal | La Cría | Baby Animal |
El Tigre | Tiger | Cachorro de Tigre | Cub or Whelp |
El Elefante | Elephant | Elefante Bebé o Cría de Elefante. | Calf |
La Paloma | Dove | El Pichón | Squab, Chick |
El Delfín | Dolphin | El Delfinato | Calf |
El Águila | Eagle* | La Cría de Águila | Eaglet, Fledgling |
La Rana | Frog | La Cría de Rana | Polliwog, tadpole, froglet** |
La Jirafa | Giraffe | El Ternero de Jirafa | Calf |
El Gorila o El Mono | Gorilla or Monkey | La Cría de Gorila / Mono | Infant |
El Tiburón | Shark | La Cría de Tiburón | Pup |
La Cebra | Zebra | El Potrillo | Foal or Colt |
El Hipopótamo | Hippopatamus | La Cría de Hipopótamo | Calf |
El Canguro | Kangaroo | La Cría de Canguro | Joey |
El Koala | Koala | La Cría de Koala | Joey |
El Dragón de Komodo | Komodo Dragon | La Cría de Dragón de Komodo | Hatchling |
El León | Lion*** | El Leoncillo | Cub |
La Ballena | Whale | El Ballenato | Calf |
El Pulpo | Octopus | La Cría de Pulpo | Fry |
El Oso Gigante o Oso Panda | Giant Panda or Panda Bear | El Osezno | ¨Cub |
El Pingüino | Penguin | La Cría de Pingüino | Chick |
El Pavo Real**** | Peacock | La Cría de Pavo Real | Peachick |
El Caballito de Mar | Seahorse | La Cría de Caballito de Mar | Sea foal |
*Eagle is technically feminine, but it uses the masculine article, El Águila. This is because it starts with a stressed "a". In Spanish, this means it must use the masculine article, el, even though it is a feminine noun. This is true for el agua, which is why you'll hear people say agua fresca instead of agua fresco; it's a feminine noun. El alma follows the same rule. You would say un alma gemela (soulmate, or literally twin soul) instead of alma gemelo.
**It makes sense now that they named a Pokémon Poliwag. :)
*** A lioness is called una leona.
****This name trannslates literally as "royal turkey". :D
Remember, learning a language is a lifelong journey.
¡Aprovéchalo, Disfrútalo y Compártelo!
Cultural Tip: Peru
Global National Holidays
Today's cultural tip highlights the national holidays of Peru! To save on time, and to avoid extreme repetitiveness, here is a quick list of holidays that many other countries also celebrate and/or which we have covered in other episodes, so I won't get into too much detail for these ones (although I have included some interesting tidbits for further context or unique ways they celebrate in Peru).
New Year's Day (01/01a)*
Maundy Thursday (04/01) (It is always the Thursday before Easter)
Good Friday (04/02) (It is always the Friday before Easter)
Labour Day (05/01a), or Día del Trabajador
Saint Peter and Saint Paul (06/29a) (If you would like more information on this holiday, see Episode 46)
All Saint's Day (11/01a), or Día de Todos los Santos, All Hallows' Day, This day commemorates all Christian saints. For Catholics, they celebrate by going to mass.
Christmas Day (12/25a) (This is a Saturday, so they get 12/27, the following Monday, off)
Immaculate Conception (12/08a), or Inmaculada Concepción (I don't know that we've ever talked about this one, but it is a popular holiday in Catholic nations. It celebrates the conception of Mary, the mother of Jesus. It's called Inmaculada, because in the Catholic Church it is taught that Mary was born immaculate, or without original sin. (Full transparency: I'm protestant, so I do not agree with this.)
*The "a" means that it is always celebrated on this day.
Unique National Holidays
I found these following four holidays are unique to Peru:
1. Fiesta del Inti Raymi, or just Inti Raymi (06/24a)
An Incan festival, it celebrates the winter solstice by honoring the Incan sun god Inti. It also begins the Incan New Year. While the true solstice is on June 21st, the day is celebrated on the 24th due to the Catholic influence and St. John's day (which is also celebrated on June 24th). Initially, this ceremony was the most important one of four major Incan ceremonies celebrated in the capital, Cusco. It involved dancing, processions, chicha (their version of beer), the burning and reading of coca leaves, and it lasted 9 days. (Quite the party!) Alarmingly, this also included a procession of mummies (their ancestors wrapped up from nearby temples) and as many as 20,000 llama sacrifices. Even worse, they would sacrifice children under the age of ten and would predict the future with their organs. Absolutely horrifying.
While it was banned in 1535 by the Spanish, it was revived in 1944 and has been celebrated in Peru ever since. But no worries - there are no sacrifices these days! There are, however, indigenous crafts, food, and dancing in traditional, colorful outfits. They have singing and traditional instruments, speeches - including in Quechuan - and reenactments. Basically, it is now a cultural celebration of the Incan heritage, as well as a bit of a tourist attraction. And it all takes place in just one day.
You can see more by clicking on the videos below! :)
2. Independence Day (07/28a-29)
Similar to Episode 58, where we talked about Chile's Fiestas Patrias, Peru also celebrates their Fiestas Patrias on July 28th. It celebrates Peru's declared independence from Spain in 1821 by the Argentinian commander, Jose San Martin.
How is it celebrated? Well, on the evening before (July 27th), they will play folk music in parks and plazas across the country. Then on the 28th, they will have 21-gun salutes in Lima, as well as a flag-raising ceremony. The holiday covers two days, so then on the next day they have a military parade and celebrate the Armed Forces and the National Police. Normally this happens the 29th, but sometimes it might be a bridge holiday on the Monday before the 28th (that is, if it falls on a Tuesday).
3. Santa Rosa de Lima (08/30a)
This day is dedicated to celebrating Saint Rose of Lima, who is the patron saint of Peru, as well as the indigenous people of Latin America. Born to a Spanish father and an indigenous mother on April 20, 1586, Isabel was one of 13 children. She had such rosy cheeks that she was called Rose. She came from a very poor family, so despite her dedication to God she could not join a monastery. Instead, she worked out of a small cottage to support her family and charity work, selling flowers and needlework, and helped the sick and needy of Lima.
The Dominican Order took note and let her join them, without having to pay. She was pretty amazing! She was also a bit extreme in her religious practices. OfficeHolidays.com says this included "eating only bread and water and wearing a spiked crown around her waist under her clothes." Yeah. Extreme devotion!
She died on August 24, 1617, and her funeral had to be delayed by two days because so many people wanted to pay their respects. She was the first Latin American-born person to be beatified in 1667, with her feast day added to the Catholic calendar in 1729. Since St. Bartholomew's day already had August 24th, the closest available date to her actual day of death was the 30th - that's why it is celebrated that day instead of the day she died.
How do Peruvians celebrate? There is a procession from the church where her remains are to Lima's Cathedral. People will also visit the Church and Sanctuary of Saint Rose of Lima.
4. Battle of Angamos (10/08a)
This day marks the Battle of Angamos, or el Combate Naval de Angamos, which was fought during the War of the Pacific, or the Saltpeter War, between Chile and Bolivia for control over the Atacama Desert and its minerals. Because of a secret agreement between Bolivia and Peru, Peru got dragged into the war. The Battle of Angamos took place on October 8, 1879 between the Peruvian and Chilean navies. Chile captured the Peruvian warship Huáscar and killed Admiral Miguel Grau Seminario.
So while Peru lost a key battle, they consider Admiral Grau a hero and celebrate the Peruvian navy's heroism in this battle. They also hold military and civil parades to honor Admiral Grau.
SHOW NOTES:
© 2021 by Language Answers, LLC
Intro and Closing Music by Master_Service from Fiverr
Resource Links
Episode Content
"Baby Animal Name's Glossary" by The Animal Facts
"Baby Animals" by Animal Facts Encyclopedia
"Los animales en inglés y español – 140 animales y más" by Daniel Welsch from Aprende más inglés: habla como un nativo
"Baby animal names | Nombres en inglés de los animales bebés" by Crianza Bilingüe
"Nombres de crías de animales - Lista con fotos" by Náyade Quero Rocamora for Experto Animal, updated March 2, 2021
"Names of Zoo Animals in Spanish" by Gerald Erichsen for ThoughtCo. on February 10, 2020
"Explicación de los caballos: ¿Qué es potro, castrado, yegua, potra y semental?" by Samuel Carrasco, February 4, 2021, for animaleswiki.com
"Is Agua Masculine or Feminine?" by Yabla
"Chayanne - Torero (Vídeo Oficial)" by Chayanne, uploaded to YouTube on October 3, 2009
Cultural Tip
"National Holidays in Peru in 2021" by OfficeHolidays.com. See the individual holiday links for more information.
"Inti Raymi, The Inca Festival Of The Sun (Mini-Documentary)" by Peru for Less, uploaded to YuTube on Sept. 17, 2019
"Inti Raymi" by Visit Peru, uploaded on YouTube on May 13, 2015